泰利台风对台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架影响的研究     

何源首  胡珀  殷玉齐  侯一筠 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(1):40-50

本文利用卫星高度计数据和分析数据,并结合同时期现场深水潜标的流速观测数据,研究了超强台风泰利过境前后台湾东北附近海域流场、位势密度场、位势涡度场以及黑潮入侵东海陆架强度的变化。分析结果表明,泰利台风通过改变台湾东北陆坡附近海域的流场、位势密度场,显著地削弱(增强)了西段(东段)陆坡附近的位势涡度梯度,从而使得西段(东段)陆坡黑潮入侵东海陆架的强度显著增强(减弱)。此外,本文还区分了台湾东北西部陆坡附近表层的跨陆坡“上凸型”位势涡度分布与次表层的跨陆坡“下凹型”位势涡度分布,并认为次表层的跨陆坡“下凹型”位势涡度分布也应作为台湾东北西部陆坡附近“位势涡度障碍”的重要组成部分。本文的研究结果揭示了大气中的台风过程对台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架产生显著影响的关键过程及机制,相关结论可为台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架变化规律的研究提供有价值的参考。  相似文献   

海岸带海水入侵的研究进展   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

丁玲  李碧英  张树深 《海洋通报》2004,23(2):82-87

海岸带海水入侵问题一直是国际社会共同关注的焦点。海水入侵的影响因素很多，其中人为因素占较大比重。海水入侵的方式因地而异，孔隙水含水层海水入侵较为严重。在研究中突变界面模型和过渡带模型各有其实用性。其中过渡带模型更具有适用价值，是今后主要的研究方向。本文概述了海岸带海水入侵问题现状，系统地总结了海岸带海水入侵模型近40多年来的研究成果，分析了研究中存在的困难，为进一步的研究打下基础。  相似文献   

How tides and river flows determine estuarine bathymetries     

D. Prandle 《Progress in Oceanography》2004,61(1):1-26

For strongly tidal, funnel-shaped estuaries, we examine how tides and river flows determine size and shape. We also consider how long it takes for bathymetric adjustment, both to determine whether present-day bathymetry reflects prevailing forcing and how rapidly changes might occur under future forcing scenarios.Starting with the assumption of a 'synchronous' estuary (i.e., where the sea surface slope resulting from the axial gradient in phase of tidal elevation significantly exceeds the gradient in tidal amplitude ), an expression is derived for the slope of the sea bed. Thence, by integration we derive expressions for the axial depth profile and estuarine length, L, as a function of and D, the prescribed depth at the mouth. Calculated values of L are broadly consistent with observations. The synchronous estuary approach enables a number of dynamical parameters to be directly calculated and conveniently illustrated as functions of and D, namely: current amplitude Û, ratio of friction to inertia terms, estuarine length, stratification, saline intrusion length, flushing time, mean suspended sediment concentration and sediment in-fill times.Four separate derivations for the length of saline intrusion, L_I, all indicate a dependency on (U_o is the residual river flow velocity and f is the bed friction coefficient). Likely bathymetries for `mixed' estuaries can be delineated by mapping, against and D, the conditions L<sub>I</sub>/L<1,E<sub>X</sub>/L<1 (E<sub>X</sub> is the tidal excursion) alongside the Simpson-Hunter criteria D/U<sup>3</sup><50 m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>3</sup>. This zone encompasses 24 out of 25 `randomly' selected UK estuaries.However, the length of saline intrusion in a funnel-shaped estuary is also sensitive to axial location. Observations suggest that this location corresponds to a minimum in landward intrusion of salt. By combining the derived expressions for L and L_I with this latter criterion, an expression is derived relating D_i, the depth at the centre of the intrusion, to the corresponding value of U_o. This expression indicates U_o is always close to 1 cm s⁻¹, as commonly observed. Converting from U_o to river flow, Q, provides a morphological expression linking estuarine depth to Q (with a small dependence on side slope gradients).These dynamical solutions are coupled with further generalised theory related to depth and time-mean, suspended sediment concentrations (as functions of and D). Then, by assuming the transport of fine marine sediments approximates that of a dissolved tracer, the rate of estuarine supply can be determined by combining these derived mean concentrations with estimates of flushing time, F_T, based on L_I. By further assuming that all such sediments are deposited, minimum times for these deposition rates to in-fill estuaries are determined. These times range from a decade for the shortest, shallowest estuaries to upwards of millennia in longer, deeper estuaries with smaller tidal ranges.  相似文献   

Semidiurnal Dynamics of Salinity, Nutrients and Suspended Particulate Matter in an Estuary in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, during a Spring Tide Cycle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Paolo Magni  Shigeru Montani  Kuninao Tada 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(2):389-402

The physical and chemical variability of the water column at subtidal station of an estuary in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, was studied over a 24-hour period during a spring tide (tidal range ca. 2 m) in May 1995. Surface water and several depths through the water column were monitored every one and two hours, respectively. At each occasion, water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration were measured and water samples were collected for the determination of nutrients and suspended particulate matter (SPM). Disruptive changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the water was produced by the tidal cycle and the mixing of water masses of different origin. These changes were highly significant both spatially and temporally, yet with varying effects on physical parameters, nutrients and the different components of SPM. Significant differences in nutrient concentrations were also observed when the data-set was divided into ebb and flood components, irrespective of the depth. Nitrate and nitrite rose to 1.8 times higher during the flood. Spatial differences of SPM were less marked than those of nutrients, only particulate organic carbon (POC) being significantly higher at the surface than in the intermediate and the lower layer. Both POC and pheopigment concentrations increased markedly through the water column, being highest shortly before the lower low tide. In contrast, suspended solid (SS) content increased sharply after the lower low tide (>40 mg l⁻¹) and this coincided with a marked decrease of the C/SS content (<20 mg g⁻¹). The lagtime between POC and SS tidal transport was caused by particle resuspension from the exposed intertidal sediments as the tidal level rose, and particle transport selection in relation to the tidal state. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

河口环流和盐水入侵Ⅱ--径流量和海平面上升的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡松  朱建荣  傅得健  吴辉 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(3):337-342

本文利用本序列上篇论文建立的理想河口数值模式,研究径流量和海平面上升对河口环流和盐水入侵的影响.在径流量增大的情况下,口门内表层向海的流速增大,底层向陆的密度流减弱,滞流点下移.口门外侧向口门的密度流增大,上升流趋于增强.口门内盐水入侵减弱,口外盐度减小、冲淡水扩展范围增大.在口门上游北岸底层盐度下降明显,口门处南岸表层盐度下降明显.径流量变化对盐水入侵影响十分巨大.在海平面上升的情况下,拦门沙区域向陆的密度流增强,滞流点上移,表层向海的流动增大.口门内盐水入侵增强,口外盐度增大,冲淡水扩展范围减小.海平面上升对盐水入侵影响十分明显,北岸底层盐度增大尤为特出.  相似文献   

Possible Density Change of the Origin of North Pacific Intermediate Water Due to Double Diffusion in the Mixed Water Region     

Ryuichiro?InoueEmail author  Jiro?Yoshida 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(5):871-883

In this study we test Talley's hypothesis that Oyashio winter mixed-layer water (26.5–26.6σ _θ) increases its density to produce the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) salinity minimum (26.7– 26.8σ_θ) in the Mixed Water Region, assuming a combination of cabbeling and double diffusion. The possible density change of Oyashio winter mixed-layer water is discussed using an instantaneous ratio of the change of temperature and salinity along any particular intrusion (R _l ). We estimate the range of R _l ^DD required to convert Oyashio winter mixed-layer water to the NPIW salinity minimum due to double diffusion, and then assume double-diffusive intrusions as this conversion mechanism. A double-diffusive intrusion model is used to estimate R _l ^DD in a situation where salt fingering dominates vertical mixing, as well as to determine whether Oyashio winter mixed-layer water can become the NPIW salinity minimum. Possible density changes are estimated from the model R _l ^DD by assuming the amount of density change due to cabbeling. From these results, we conclude that Oyashio winter mixed-layer water contributes to a freshening of the lighter layer of the NPIW salinity minimum (around 26.70σ_θ) in the MWR.  相似文献   

沿海城市海水入侵问题研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

丁玲  李碧英  张树深 《海洋技术学报》2003,22(2):79-83

近年来，沿海城市的海水入侵问题逐渐成为人们关心的焦点之一。文章通过资料搜集与整理，对沿海城市的海水入侵状况作了全面描述与分析。系统地总结了海水入侵的若干特点及海水入侵的成因分析与规律，较为详细的分析了海水入侵的基本事实、基本矛盾和各发展阶段的发展原因，在此基础上总结了海水入侵的基本理论。为进一步的研究打下良好的基础。  相似文献   

东天山黄山南镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩浆演化过程:矿物学、Sr-Nd同位素特征的指示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尤敏鑫  李厚民  王亚磊 《岩石学报》2018,34(11):3422-3432

黄山南镁铁-超镁铁质岩体位于东天山造山带觉罗塔格构造带内,属于土墩-黄山-图拉尔根镁铁-超镁铁质岩带。本文在前人研究的基础上,从橄榄石、辉石矿物学组成和全岩Sr、Nd同位素等方面对黄山南岩体进行了分析研究,并与黄山、黄山东、香山等典型含矿岩体作了对比,旨在进一步查明黄山南岩体的岩浆源区和母岩浆性质及其岩浆演化过程。Sr-Nd同位素特征表明黄山南岩体来自一个弱亏损的地幔源区,相较黄山、黄山东、香山等岩体的源区具有更加富集的特征。黄山南岩体中的橄榄石属于贵橄榄石,斜方辉石主要为古铜辉石,少数为紫苏辉石,单斜辉石主要为顽透辉石、普通辉石和少数的透辉石。单斜辉石和橄榄石的成分特征表明形成黄山南岩体的母岩浆为演化程度较低的拉斑玄武质岩浆,且母岩浆成分具有高Mg、高Ni的特点。计算得到黄山南岩体母岩浆的Fe O~T=13.20%、MgO=16.96%、Ni=377.2×10~(-6),且母岩浆在结晶分异过程中没有经历充分的硫化物熔离作用,这也是造成母岩浆中Ni含量较高以及岩体含矿性较差的主要因素。  相似文献   

豫西崤山东部中河岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Lu-Hf同位素特征     

肖建辉  武广  孟宪锋  范海洋  李铁刚  田强国  徐文超 《矿床地质》2018,37(2):290-310

中河花岗斑岩体位于河南省崤山东部,该岩体是最近发现的中河大型银铅锌矿床的成矿母岩。选取2件花岗斑岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得2件样品的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为(129±0.7)Ma(MSWD=0.78)和(131±1.5)Ma(MSWD=1.70),表明中河岩体形成于早白垩世。岩石地球化学特征显示,中河岩体具有高的w(SiO_2)和w(K_2O)、低的w(Na_2O),其A/CNK比值为1.03~1.63,Mg#值介于25~50,总体上属于过铝质-强过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列。岩石具有低的w(Yb),中等-弱的铕负异常,稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土元素富集型,轻稀土元素分馏相对强烈,但重稀土元素分馏不明显。中河岩体有相对低的w(Sr)和w(Y),且富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、U、K和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Hf、Ti和重稀土元素。中河岩体锆石εHf(t)值为-34.4~-23.2,平均为-26.9,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄介于2485~3182 Ma,平均为2714 Ma。岩石地球化学特征及Hf同位素组成表明中河岩体的岩浆源区主要为新太古代地壳物质,并有少量的中太古代地壳物质,中-新太古代增生的具有弧岩浆特征的地壳物质部分熔融形成了早白垩世的中河岩体。  相似文献   

Geochemical and Petrological Studies on the Early Carboniferous Sidingheishan Mafic–Ultramafic Iintrusion in the Southern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NW China     

SUN Tao  QIAN Zhuangzhi  THAKURTA Joyashish  YANG Shenghong  XU Gang  DUAN Jun  GAO Bo  WANG Jing 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(3):952-971

The Sidingheishan mafic-ultramafic intrusion is located in the eastern part of the Northern Tianshan Mountain, along the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in northern Xinjiang autonomous region of China. The Sidingheishan intrusion is mainly composed of wehrlite, olivine websterite, olivine gabbro, gabbro and hornblende gabbro. At least two pulses of magma were involved in the formation of the intrusion. The first pulse of magma produced an olivine-free unit and the second pulse produced an olivine-bearing unit. The magmas intruded the Devonian granites and granodiorites.An age of 351.4±5.8 Ma(Early Carboniferous) for the Sidingheishan intrusion has been determined by U-Pb SHRIMP analysis of zircon grains separated from the olivine gabbro unit. A U-Pb age of 359.2±6.4 Ma from the gabbro unit has been obtained by LA-ICP-MS. Olivine of the Sidingheishan intrusion reaches 82.52 mole% Fo and 1414 ppm Ni. On the basis of olivine-liquid equilibria, it has been calculated that the MgO and FeO included in the parental magma of a wehrlite sample were approximately10.43 wt% and 13.14 wt%, respectively. The Sidingheishan intrusive rocks are characterized by moderate enrichments in Th and Sm, slight enrichments in light REE, and depletions in Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. The ε_(Nd)(t) values in the rock units vary from +6.70 to +9.64, and initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios range between 0.7035 and0.7042. Initial ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb, ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb values fall in the ranges of 17.23-17.91,15.45-15.54 and 37.54-38.09 respectively. These characteristics are collectively similar to the Heishan intrusion and the Early Carboniferous subduction related volcanic rocks in the Santanghu Basin, North Tianshan and Beishan area. The low(La/Gd)_(PM) values between 0.26 and 1.77 indicate that the magma of the Sidingheishan intrusion was most likely derived from a depleted spinel-peridotite mantle.(Th/Nb)_(PM)ratios from 0.59 to 20.25 indicate contamination of the parental magma in the upper crust.Crystallization modeling methods suggest that the parental magma of the Sidingheishan intrusion was generated by flush melting of the asthenosphere and subsequently there was about 10 vol%contamination from a granitic melt. This was followed by about 5 vol% assimilation of upper crustal rocks. Thus, the high-Mg basaltic parental magma of Sidingheishan intrusion is interpreted to have formed from partial melting of the asthenosphere during the break-off of a subducted slab.  相似文献